90 Miles From Tyranny

Sunday, April 26, 2015

8 things to know about the Armenian Genocide 100 years ago (yesterday)

CNN Translations:
Armenian = Christian
Ottoman = Muslim

(CNN)The mass killings of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, which began 100 years ago Friday, is said by some scholars and others to have been the first genocide of the 20th century, even though the word "genocide" did not exist at the time.

The issue of whether to call the killings a genocide is emotional, both for Armenians, who are descended from those killed, and for Turks, the heirs to the Ottomans. For both groups, the question touches as much on national identity as on historical facts.

Some Armenians feel their nationhood cannot be fully recognized unless the truth of what happened to their forebears is acknowledged. Some Turks still view the Armenians as having been a threat to the Ottoman Empire in a time of war, and say many people of various ethnicities -- including Turks -- were killed in the chaos of war.

In addition, some Turkish leaders fear that acknowledgment of a genocide could lead to demands for huge reparations.

Turkish official teases starving Armenian children by showing them a piece of bread during the Armenian Genocide in 1915.

So, what do we know about happened in those fateful days? Here are some answers:

What preceded the mass killings of Armenians that began 100 years ago?

The Ottoman Turks, having recently entered World War I on the side of Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were worried that Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire would offer wartime assistance to Russia. Russia had long coveted control of Constantinople (now Istanbul), which controlled access to the Black Sea -- and therefore access to Russia's only year-round seaports.

How many Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire at the start of the mass killings?

Many historians agree that the number was about 2 million. However, victims of the mass killings also included some of the 1.8 million Armenians living in the Caucasus under Russian rule, some of whom were massacred by Ottoman forces in 1918 as they marched through East Armenia and Azerbaijan.

How did the mass killings start?

By 1914, Ottoman authorities were already portraying Armenians as a threat to the empire's security. Then, on the night of April 23-24, 1915, the authorities in Constantinople, the empire's capital, rounded up about 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders. Many of them ended up deported or assassinated.

April 24, known as Red Sunday, is commemorated as Genocide Remembrance Day by Armenians around the world. Friday is the 100th anniversary of that day.

How many Armenians were killed?

This is a major point of contention. Estimates range from 300,000 to 2 million deaths between 1914 and 1923, with not all of the victims in the Ottoman Empire. But most estimates -- including one of 800,000 between 1915 and 1918, made by Ottoman authorities themselves -- fall between 600,000 and 1.5 million.

Whether due to killings or forced deportation, the number of Armenians living in Turkey fell from 2 million in 1914 to under 400,000 by 1922.

How did they die?

Almost any way one can imagine.

While the death toll is in dispute, photographs from the era document some mass killings. Some show Ottoman soldiers posing with severed heads, others with them standing amid skulls in the dirt.

The victims are reported to have died in mass burnings and by drowning, torture, gas, poison, disease and starvation. Children were reported to have been...

University of Florida suspends frat over abuse of wounded vets

GAINESVILLE, Fla. – The University of Florida suspended one of its fraternities on Friday after allegations that its members hurled drunken insults and spat at a group of disabled military veterans at a Panama City Beach resort.

The school said on Friday that it is charging the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity with obscene behavior, public intoxication, theft, causing physical or other harm, and damage to property.

The suspension came after the fraternity had already suspended operations itself and expelled three of its members after finding they had behaved inappropriately.

"I am personally offended and disappointed by the behavior that has been described to me," Dave Kratzer, the school's student affairs vice president and retired U.S. Army major general, said in a statement.

The situation occurred while the fraternity and veterans with the Warrior Beach Retreat were at...

Dana Perino’s new book features a touching encounter between President George W. Bush and an injured—and intubated—Marine receiving the Purple Heart. She follows it with another story involving a dying soldier’s mother yelling at the president about the war.

Both stories were recounted by Perino in an excerpt from “And the Good News Is…” that was published by The Daily Signal this week. But if you listened to NPR’s interview with the former White House press secretary on “Morning Edition” today, you would’ve only heard one.

NPR’s edited version of the interview that aired included the story about the mother who yelled at Bush, but not the more uplifting story about the Marine, who happened to be intubated in his hospital bed but opened his eyes upon Bush’s comments to the Marine’s son.

Ever feel like the only difference between the New York Times and Washington Post is the name? We do.

Try the Morning Bell and get the day's most important news and commentary from a team committed to the truth in formats that respect your time...and your intelligence.

Here’s part of that story:

Everyone stood silently while the military aide in a low and steady voice presented the award. At the end of it, the Marine’s little boy tugged on the president’s jacket and asked, “What’s a Purple Heart?”
The president got down on one knee and pulled the little boy closer to him. He said, “It’s an award for your dad, because he is very brave and courageous, and because he loves his country so much. And I hope you know how much he loves you and your mom, too.”
As he hugged the boy, there was a commotion from the medical staff as they moved toward the bed.
The Marine had just opened his eyes. I could see him from where I stood.
The CNO [chief of naval operations] held the medical team back and said, “Hold on, guys. I think he wants the president.”
The president jumped up and rushed over to the side of the bed. He cupped the Marine’s face in his hands. They locked eyes, and after a couple of moments the president, without breaking eye contact, said to the military aide, “Read it again.”
So we stood silently as the military aide presented the Marine with the award for a second time. The president had tears dripping from his eyes onto the Marine’s face. As the presentation ended, the president rested his forehead on the Marine’s for a moment.

Perino told The Daily Signal she recounted the whole story to NPR’s David Greene when he asked about the hospital visit. When The Daily Signal reached out to NPR to understand why it chose to feature only part of Perino’s interview, a spokeswoman told us this:

Dana Perino told many anecdotes in her wonderful interview. It’s too bad we could not include them all because of time constraints.
She spoke, for example, of the president’s graciousness with her father. She also spoke of a mother who yelled at him—and then described how the president quite deliberately stayed and listened and absorbed the woman’s anger. It was an interaction the president himself remembered on Marine One, as Dana recounted. For these reasons, we chose to include it, while making sure to highlight that the reaction in that room was an exception.

The entire story...