The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was a major naval battle where the English fleet defeated Spain's large fleet, stopping an invasion of England and helping Protestant rule survive. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Key Facts of the Conflict
- The Date: July and August 1588 (the main battle at Gravelines was on August 8, 1588).
- The Leaders: King Philip II sent the Spanish fleet led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia. The English were led by Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake.
- The Fleets: Spain sent about 130 ships and 30,000 men. England fought back with a larger number of faster, lower ships. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
How England Won
- Better Ships: English ships were faster and had long-range cannons.
- Fire Ships: England sent burning ships into the Spanish group at night to cause panic and break their formation.
- Bad Weather: Big storms later destroyed many fleeing Spanish ships near Scotland and Ireland, allowing fewer than half the ships to return home. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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