In August 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo launched the Stanford Prison Experiment in a mock prison in the basement of Stanford University's Jordan Hall. [1, 2]
Twenty-four healthy male college students were split into guards and prisoners. The study ended after just six days due to severe emotional trauma and escalating guard brutality. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Overview and Setup
- Dates: August 14–21, 1971
- Location: Basement of Jordan Hall at Stanford University
- Lead Researcher: Dr. Philip Zimbardo
- Participants: 24 male college students selected after psychological screening
- Roles: Randomly assigned as either prisoners or guards [1, 2]
- Real Arrests: Prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at their homes by local Palo Alto police officers.
- Dehumanization: Guards wore uniforms and sunglasses; prisoners wore numbered smocks and stocking caps.
- Rapid Abuse: Guards enforced harsh rules and psychological torture, leading to early emotional breakdowns among inmates.
- Early Shutdown: Psychologist Christina Maslach protested the conditions, prompting Zimbardo to halt the study on the sixth day. [1, 2, 3, 4]
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